Mapping Risk and Resilience in the Global Illicit Gold Economy
IISS · 2026-06 · Illicit Gold
Follow
the evidence.
A source index for claims across the site. Published documents, attribution, and verification status belong alongside the story.
Published sources
25 documentscited
From Illegal Garimpo to Gold Governance
IISS · 2026-09 · Illicit Gold
Illegal Mining Report
JGGA / JG Global Advisory · 2026 · Illicit Gold
U.S. Mint Buys Drug Cartel Gold and Sells It as American
The New York Times · 2026-04 · Illicit Gold
Audit of U.S. Mint gold sourcing
U.S. Treasury Office of Inspector General · 2024 · Illicit Gold
Illicit Flows of Gold Concentrates
OECD · 2025 · Illicit Gold
The Parts That Don't Glitter: A Comparative Analysis (Switzerland and gold refining)
University of Miami International & Comparative Law Review · 2024 · Illicit Gold
Gold-mining policy report (Ouro Alvo isotopic fingerprinting, citing Mongabay 2023)
FACT Coalition · 2023 · Illicit Gold
LatAm Outlook 2026 (cited via IISS, June 2026)
Canning House · 2026 · Illicit Gold
Illegal mining valuation (cited via IISS, June 2026; UNODC 2023 via OECD)
UNODC / INTERPOL · 2023 · Illicit Gold
Global illicit economy valuation ($6 trillion+)
ICAIE · 2026
A Chinese Fentanyl Network in Japan
Bellingcat and Nikkei · 2025-10 · Chemical Cartels
How Canada Became a Threat Convergence Focal Point
ICAIE · 2026 · Chemical Cartels
Illicit Flows of Gold Concentrates in the Maritime Space
OECD · 2025 · Illicit Gold
Addressing Illegal Gold Mining in the Hemisphere: New Approaches for U.S. Policy
FACT Coalition · 2025-08 · Illicit Gold
Investigating How Illegal Gold Gets Into the Legitimate Supply Chain
Global Investigative Journalism Network · 2025 · Illicit Gold
S.3496, United States Legal Gold and Mining Partnership Act
119th Congress · 2026 · Illicit Gold
Illicit Mining: Threats to U.S. National Security and International Human Rights
FBI · 2024 · Illicit Gold
Illegal Mining and Natural Resources Enforcement
U.S. Customs and Border Protection · 2025 · Illicit Gold
Treasury Sanctions Rwandan Gold Refinery and Network Enabling Illicit Conflict Minerals Trade
U.S. Department of the Treasury · 2025 · Illicit Gold
How Tainted Gold May Have Ended Up in Your Phone
The New York Times · 2026 · Illicit Gold
The Parts That Don’t Glitter: A Comparative Analysis Between Switzerland and the United States
University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review · 2024 · Illicit Gold
Spotlighting Crime Convergence in Natural Environments in the Amazon
ICAIE · 2026 · Illicit Gold
Digging Into Dirty Gold Across the Americas
InSight Crime · 2025 · Illicit Gold
Argentina, Chile, Peru and Bolivia Forge Strategic Alliance on Critical Minerals
Latin Gulf · 2026 · Illicit Gold
Links are added as documents are verified. A listed citation records where a claim came from; it is not itself a verification.